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Objective:To study peripheral nerve morphology in patients with transthyretin familial amyloid polyneuropathy (TTR-FAP) using high-frequency ultrasonography (HFUS), and to evaluate the value of HFUS in diagnosis of TTR-FAP.Methods:Thirty-eight patients with TTR-FAP diagnosed by gene detection and 23 normal controls from June 2015 to June 2021 in Peking University First Hospital were enrolled in this study. Consecutive ultrasonography scanning was performed in 6 pairs of nerves of bilateral limbs with 30 sites. The cross sectional area (CSA), CSA variability and inter-nerve CSA variability data of the two groups were retrospectively calculated and compared.Results:Compared with the normal controls, TTR-FAP patients showed larger CSA values at most nerve sites of both upper and lower limbs, and there were statistically significant differences at M1(median nerve) [8.55 (6.90, 9.40) mm 2vs 10.05 (9.10, 14.10) mm 2, Z=5.58, P<0.001], M3 (median nerve) [(6.98±1.66) mm 2vs (9.29±2.30) mm 2, t=6.28, P<0.001], M5 (median nerve) [(8.91±1.81) mm 2vs (14.33±4.20) mm 2, t=9.84, P<0.001], U5 (ulnar nerve) [(6.20±1.93) mm 2vs (9.34±2.85) mm 2, t=7.31, P<0.001], Sci1 (sciatic nerve) [(53.50±17.24) mm 2vs (79.74±20.75) mm 2, t=7.57, P<0.001], Sci2 (sciatic nerve) [(53.66±14.21) mm 2vs (73.98±19.21) mm 2, t=6.82, P<0.001] and Tib (tibial nerve) [(31.05±8.43) mm 2vs (46.29±13.14) mm 2, t=7.84, P<0.001] sites. There was no statistically significant difference in CSA at each site among the different subtypes and disease severity of TTR-FAP patients ( P>0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in CSA-variability of the median and ulnar nerves between the patients with TTR-FAP and the normal controls ( P>0.05). The side-to-side difference ratio of intra-nerve CSA variability of the ulnar nerve in the patients with TTR-FAP was smaller than that of the normal controls (1.15±0.10 vs 1.46±0.43, t=3.43, P=0.002), whereas no statistically significant difference of that in the median nerve was found between the two groups ( P>0.05). Conclusions:The most pronounced peripheral nerve thickening in the proximal limb segments with no signs of asymmetric distribution or lateralization is confirmed by HFUS in TTR-FAP patients and should be regarded as a marker of TTR-FAP. HFUS has clinical value in diagnosis of peripheral neuropathy in TTR-FAP patients.
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Abstract Introduction To provide clinical information and diagnosis in mouth breathers with transverse maxillary deficiency with posterior crossbite, numerous exams can be performed; however, the correlation among these exams remains unclear. Objective To evaluate the correlation between acoustic rhinometry, computed rhinomanometry, and cone-beam computed tomography in mouth breathers with transverse maxillary deficiency. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in 30 mouth breathers with transverse maxillary deficiency (7-13 y.o.) patients with posterior crossbite. The examinations assessed: (i) acoustic rhinometry: nasal volumes (0-5 cm and 2-5 cm) and minimum cross-sectional areas 1 and 2 of nasal cavity; (ii) computed rhinomanometry: flow and average inspiratory and expiratory resistance; (iii) cone-beam computed tomography: coronal section on the head of inferior turbinate (Widths 1 and 2), middle turbinate (Widths 3 and 4) and maxilla levels (Width 5). Acoustic rhinometry and computed rhinomanometry were evaluated before and after administration of vasoconstrictor. Results were compared by Spearman's correlation and Mann-Whitney tests (α = 0.05). Results Positive correlations were observed between: (i) flow evaluated before administration of vasoconstrictor and Width 4 (Rho = 0.380) and Width 5 (Rho = 0.371); (ii) Width 2 and minimum cross-sectional areas 1 evaluated before administration of vasoconstrictor (Rho = 0.380); (iii) flow evaluated before administration of vasoconstrictor and nasal volumes of 0-5 cm (Rho = 0.421), nasal volumes of 2-5 cm (Rho = 0.393) and minimum cross-sectional areas 1 (Rho = 0.375); (iv) Width 4 and nasal volumes of 0-5 cm evaluated before administration of vasoconstrictor (Rho = 0.376), nasal volumes of 2-5 cm evaluated before administration of vasoconstrictor (Rho = 0.376), minimum cross-sectional areas 1 evaluated before administration of vasoconstrictor (Rho = 0.410) and minimum cross-sectional areas 1 after administration of vasoconstrictor (Rho = 0.426); (v) Width 5 and Width 1 (Rho = 0.542), Width 2 (Rho = 0.411), and Width 4 (Rho = 0.429). Negative correlations were observed between: (i) Width 4 and average inspiratory resistance (Rho = −0.385); (ii) average inspiratory resistance evaluated before administration of vasoconstrictor and nasal volumes of 0-5 cm (Rho = −0.382), and average expiratory resistance evaluated before administration of vasoconstrictor and minimum cross-sectional areas 1 (Rho = −0.362). Conclusion There were correlations between acoustic rhinometry, computed rhinomanometry, and cone-beam computed tomography in mouth breathers with transverse maxillary deficiency.
Resumo Introdução Numerosos exames podem ser realizados para fornecer informações clínicas e diagnósticas em respiradores bucais com atresia maxilar e mordida cruzada posterior, entretanto a correlação entre esses exames ainda é incerta. Objetivo Avaliar a correlação entre rinometria acústica, rinomanometria computadorizada e tomografia computadorizada por feixe cônico em respiradores bucais com atresia maxilar. Método Um estudo de corte transversal foi realizado em 30 respiradores bucais com atresia maxilar (7-13 anos) com mordida cruzada posterior. Os exames avaliados foram: (i) rinomanometria acústica: volumes nasais (0-5 cm e 2-5 cm) e áreas mínimas de corte transversal 1 e 2 da cavidade nasal; (ii) rinomanometria computadorizada: fluxo nasal e resistências médias inspiratórias e expiratórias; (iii) tomografia computadorizada por feixe cônico: corte coronal na cabeça da concha inferior (larguras 1 e 2), concha média (larguras 3 e 4) e na maxila (Largura 5). Rinomanometria acústica e rinomanometria computadorizada foram avaliadas antes e depois da administração de vasoconstritor. Os resultados foram comparados pelo teste de correlação de Spearman e pelo teste de Mann-Whitney (α = 0,05). Resultados Foram encontradas correlações positivas entre: (i) fluxo antes da administração de vasoconstritor e largura 4 (Rho = 0,380) e largura 5 (Rho = 0,371); (ii) largura 2 e área mínima de corte transversal 1 antes da administração de vasoconstritor (Rho = 0,380); (iii) fluxo antes da administração de vasoconstritor e volumes nasais de 0-5 cm (Rho = 0,421), 2-5 cm (Rho = 0,393) e área mínima de corte transversal 1 (Rho = 0,375); (iv) largura 4 e volume nasal de 0-5 cm antes da administração do vasoconstritor (Rho = 0,376), volume nasal de 2-5 cm antes do uso de vasoconstritor (Rho = 0,376), áreas mínimas de corte transversal 1 antes da administração de vasoconstritor (Rho = 0,410) e áreas mínimas de corte transversal 1 após o uso do vasoconstritor (Rho = 0,426); (v) largura 5 e largura 1 (Rho = 0,542), largura 2 (Rho = 0,411) e largura 4 (Rho = 0,429). Foram encontradas correlações negativas: (i) largura 4 e resistência inspiratória média (Rho = −0,385); (ii) resistência inspiratória média antes da administração de vasoconstritor e volume de 0-5 cm (Rho = −0,382) e resistência expiratória média antes da administração de vasoconstritor e área mínima de corte transversal 1 (Rho = −0,362). Conclusão Correlações foram encontradas entre a rinometria acústica, a rinomanometria computadorizada e a tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico em respiradores bucais com atresia maxilar.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evolve the formula of relationship between opening angle of laminoplasty and the increased value of cross-sectional area, and to predict the opening angle according to the opening size of lanminoplasty.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From January 2013 to December 2015, 26 patients underwent single open-door laminoplasty in C₃-C₇. Among them, 10 patients with ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament, there were 6 males and 4 females, aged from 39 to 58 years old with an average of 49.2 years; and 16 patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy, there were 10 males and 6 females, aged from 40 to 58 years old with an average of 50.2 years. Through the changes of spinal canal shape between preoperation and postoperation to set up the regular geometric model, and to deduce the formula of the relationship between the opening angle of laminoplasty and the increased value of cross-sectional area, and predict the formula of opening angle. According to the preoperative and postoperative CT scan, the needed parameters were measured, and were substituted in the above formula to get the change of cross-sectional area before and after operation, predicting the opening angle of laminoplasty. The differences between the change of cross-sectional area before and after operation, predictive the opening angle of laminoplasty and practical measured data were analyzed by statistical methods, thus to verify the feasibility of formula in practical application.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All imaging data of 26 patients were obtained. There were significant differences in changes of cross-sectional areas in every patients (laminoplasty in C₃ to C₇) before and after operation in the same segment(<0.01). The increasing extent in cross-sectional areas was gradually diminished following the opening angle increasing. There was no significant difference between the opening angle attained by formula and the data measured by software in the same segment(>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Increment of cross-sectional areas following C₃-C₇ laminoplasty can be accurately attained and the opening angle can also be predicted by a certain formula, which can help surgeons to attain the accurate opening angle and reduce the postoperative complications.</p>
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The present study was aimed to investigate the physical ability of javelin throwers among uni-versity students using the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and Capacity Test, compared with other throwers.<BR>The anatomical cross-sectional areas (ACCAs) of trunk muscles were determined using MRI. Capacity Test is composed of 30 m sprint, standing triple jump from a double-legged, backward over the head shot, forward over the head shot, sargent jump, snatch, and shoulder flexibility test with a javelin.<BR>Results are as follows:<BR>1. The male javelin throwers (MJT) group showed significant correlation between javelin throw records and ASCAs per body mass of body trunk extensor muscles (r=0.722, p<0.05) .<BR>2. There was significant correlation between the forward over the head shot, and javelin throw in MJT group (r=0.800, p<0.01) . And the same tendency was also seen in female javelin throwers (FJT) group (r=0.735, p=0.055) .<BR>3. The MJT group showed some correlation between javelin throw records and ASCAs per body mass of psoas major muscle (r=0.657, p=0.060) .<BR>By the above-mentioned results, it was considered that the trunk extensors are important for male javelin throwers.